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African Americans in the segregated waiting room of the Union Terminal, Jacksonville, Florida. The Jacksonville train station, completed in 1919, was the largest in the South. Many southern blacks caught transportation North from this station.

A newspaper account of the situation faced by blacks in Germany, focusing on the city of Leipzig. This provides further context to Charles Vance's interview where he relates what he dealt with while stranded in Hamburg, Germany.

African-American porters made their living as uniformed train workers, carrying the luggage of first-class passengers who traveled on Pullman rail cars. This steady work facilitated upward social mobility for thousands of African Americans. Perhaps,…